Le Goût du Libre

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===== Zabbix 7.4 Installation on Debian 12 with SSL =====

These instructions make the assumption :

  * You have a Debian 12 "vanilla" setup, only SSH server and no desktop environment
  * No root account, all commands are run as ''sudo'' - this usually starts with ''sudo -s'' after login.
  * Zabbix server is NOT Internet-facing, and runs in a LAN, isolated environment

For an Internet-facing install, consider setting up an SSL certificate with certbot, and configuring two-factor authentication (2FA).

[[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual|Full official documentation is available at Zabbix.com]].

== Credits ==
  * Fabian Rodríguez, François Baillargeon (review) - [[https://legoutdulibre.com/en/zabbix-monitoring-supervision-en-temps-reel-pour-une-infrastructure-resiliente/|Le Goût du Libre]]
  * Sources:
    * [[https://www.zabbix.com/download?zabbix=7.4&os_distribution=debian&os_version=12&components=server_frontend_agent&db=mysql&ws=apache|Official Zabbix installation instructions]]
    * [[https://wiki.debian.org/Zabbix|Debian Zabbix insstallation instructions]]
==== 1. Configure Locales ====
Set up ''en_US.UTF-8'' as default locale and add additional locales (French and Spanish shown here) for multi-language support in Zabbix:
<code>
# 1. Uncomment desired locale(s) in /etc/locale.gen
sed -i 's/^# *\(en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8\)/\1/' /etc/locale.gen
sed -i 's/^# *\(fr_FR.UTF-8 UTF-8\)/\1/' /etc/locale.gen
sed -i 's/^# *\(es_ES.UTF-8 UTF-8\)/\1/' /etc/locale.gen

# 2. Generate the locales
locale-gen

# 3. Set system-wide default locale
update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8

# 4. restart the apache2 service
service apache2 restart
</code>

For more information about Zabbix language support, see [[https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/current/en/manual/appendix/install/locales|the project documentation]].
==== 2. Install MariaDB (Zabbix Database Backend) ====
Install the default MariaDB server package:
<code>
apt install default-mysql-server
</code>

==== 3. Secure MariaDB Setup ====
Run as ''root'' to improve database security:
<code>
mariadb-secure-installation
</code>

Answer 'n' to the first two questions, assuming you have no ''root'' account setup.

==== 4. Add Zabbix Repository ====
Download and install official Zabbix APT package - whis will add Zabbix repositories to your servers', and update the repositories database:
<code>
wget https://repo.zabbix.com/zabbix/7.4/release/debian/pool/main/z/zabbix-release/zabbix-release_latest_7.4+debian12_all.deb
dpkg -i zabbix-release_latest_7.4+debian12_all.deb
apt update
</code>

==== 5. Install Zabbix Components ====
Install server, frontend (PHP), Apache configuration, SQL scripts, and agent:
<code>
apt install zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-frontend-php zabbix-apache-conf zabbix-sql-scripts zabbix-agent
</code>

==== 6. Create Zabbix Database and Import Schema ====
Connect to MariaDB and create database/user:
<code>
mysql -uroot -p
</code>
(press enter as your ''root'' user is not defined)

**Important** : The second statement should be changed to use a password of your choice.

<code>
create database zabbix character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_bin;
create user zabbix@localhost identified by 'password';
grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost;
set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;
quit;
</code>

Import initial schema:
<code>
zcat /usr/share/zabbix/sql-scripts/mysql/server.sql.gz | mysql --default-character-set=utf8mb4 -uzabbix -p zabbix
</code>

Disable trust function flag after import:
<code>
mysql -uroot -p
</code>
<code>
set global log_bin_trust_function_creators = 0;
quit;
</code>

==== 7. Configure Zabbix Server ====
Set the database password in ''/etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf'' (replace with the password set in step 6 above):
<code>
DBPassword=password
</code>

==== 8. Start and Enable Zabbix Services ====
Start and enable server, agent, and Apache:
<code>
systemctl restart zabbix-server zabbix-agent apache2
systemctl enable zabbix-server zabbix-agent apache2
</code>

==== 9. Access Zabbix Web UI ====
Open Zabbix frontend in a browser to test the installation has completed well (don't finish it just yet, SSL setup is next!):
<code>
http://your-server-ip/zabbix
</code>

===== SSL Setup =====

Using SSL in a LAN environment helps protect sensitive data like login credentials from being intercepted or tampered with—even on internal networks where threats can arise from compromised devices or curious users. 

While self-signed certificates aren't trusted publicly, they're perfectly acceptable in closed systems where you control the environment and trust the endpoints.

==== 1. Generate Self-Signed Certificate ====
Create directory:
<code>
sudo mkdir -p /etc/ssl/zabbix
</code>

Generate cert:
<code>
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/ssl/zabbix/zabbix.key -out /etc/ssl/zabbix/zabbix.crt -subj "/C=CA/ST=Quebec/L=Boisbriand/O=ZabbixLAN/CN=zabbix.local"
</code>

==== 2. Configure Apache for SSL ====
Enable SSL module and default SSL site:
<code>
sudo a2enmod ssl
sudo a2ensite default-ssl
</code>

Edit SSL virtual host:
<code>
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf
</code>
Update config:
<code>
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/zabbix/zabbix.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/zabbix/zabbix.key
DocumentRoot /usr/share/zabbix
</code>

==== 3. Force HTTP to Redirect to HTTPS ====
This prevents accidentally using http (plain-text) to connect to your server.

Edit HTTP virtual host:
<code>
sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf
</code>
Add inside ''<VirtualHost *:80>'':
<code>
Redirect "/" "https://your-server-ip/"
</code>
Replace ''your-server-ip'' with your actual IP or hostname.

==== 4. Apply Changes ====
Restart Apache:
<code>
sudo systemctl restart apache2
</code>

==== 5. Access the Frontend ====
Use:
<code>
https://your-server-ip/zabbix
</code>
Accept the browser warning for the self-signed certificate.

The default access credentials are :
  * User :  **Admin**
  * Password : **zabbix**